Overview
Botulism is caused by toxin from Clostridium botulinum bacteria.
When to get urgent help
Call emergency services for sudden weakness, swallowing or breathing problems.
Causes and risk factors
Improperly canned or preserved foods, wound infection and, in infants, spores in honey.
How it develops (pathophysiology)
Botulinum toxin enters nerve endings and blocks the release of acetylcholine, the chemical that tells muscles to contract. This causes descending, symmetrical paralysis.
Signs and symptoms
Double vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing and weakness spreading downwards.
How it is diagnosed
Clinical picture and toxin testing.
Possible complications
Respiratory failure.
Medicines
Antitoxin given as early as possible.
Other treatments
Intensive care with breathing support.
Living with it and prevention
Safe home canning and do not give honey to babies under 1.
Outlook
Recovery is slow but usually complete with care.
